¿In What
Sense
do
Objects
of Value
“Contain”
Labor-
Time?
Dear Reader,
¿In what sense do objects of human valuing – objects “produced”
by human labor, and that have use-value, “value”, exchange-value and price – “contain”
the labor-time that produced them?
The metaphor of human
labor-time “containment” in commodity-objects is encountered frequently in Marx’s
discourses on his “law of value”, in his immanent critique of the capitalist
ideology/science of “political economy”.
Well, first of all, it does not
mean that the aggregate of human labor-hours that were spent on “working-up”
raw material – material not produced by human labor, but,
instead, produced by pre-human/exo-human Nature – that were applied in the
individual history of each individual commodity-object – are “contained” inside
that commodity-object.
For a present such
commodity-object, that labor-time counts as so “contained” only to the extant
of the average abstract labor-time socially necessary to reproduce
that object presently, given the presently prevailing
level of the social force of its production, in the field of production under which
it falls, as reflected, albeit in a complex manner, in its presently-prevailing
price. Any labor-hours applied in its
individual case, above and beyond that social average, does not
count as “contained in it”, or as adding to its value/price.
If, by today, an innovation has
spread society-wide that enables units of that same object-kind to be produced,
on average, within half the generic labor-hours it took to make
that object a year before, then each unit of an inventory of that object, produced,
e.g., the year before, “suddenly”, “instantaneously”, i.e., given price-competition
in its market, against such objects produced today, will have its value, and
its price, drop accordingly, despite the average number of generic labor-hours
actually applied, per unit, in its batch.
Sometimes one might get the
feeling that the abstract labor-time “contained” in a produced commodity-object
represents something like the “time-binding” of which Korzybski wrote. But the amount of abstract labor-time “bound into”
a given unit of commodity-product is not a locally
measurable quantity of generic labor-hours.
Its effective amount depends on market competition – is, in effect,
influenced by the “action at a distance” of generic labor-hours “cost of
production” of similar, competitively-equivalent commodity-objects, produced “at
a distance”, elsewhere.
The
human “working-up” [Marx] of raw materials, into a finished commodity product,
sometimes “sounds”, in Marx’s discourse, like an addition of “order”, of a, to
humans, use-valuable kind, a ‘negentropy-added’ form of “value-added”.
However,
in terms of saleable price, that “negentropy-value” is contingent upon the amount
of economic value added per unit by the production of such commodity-objects
elsewhere, even if the ‘order-added’ to the raw material, and the ‘use-value-added’
is the same there.
The
‘labor-value-added’ requires that, in the same process, there must be a specific
use-value-added – that, whatever the amount of generic labor-time added, that
labor-time added must add to the use-value of each unit of the commodity-objects
output for a specific use, relative to that use-value for the
inputs to its production, or no economic value will be
added.
However,
given rising productivity, or rising “productive force”, in that branch of
production, the same ‘use-value-added’ will “contain” less ‘exchange-value-added’,
less ‘price-added’ by the generic-labor-time-added, than that for
commodity-objects of the same kind produced earlier, before the rise in the “productive
force” of their production.
Thus,
the “abstract, presently socially-necessary labor-time” metaphor of labor-time “containment”
has to be carefully couched within key exceptions if it is to be made apt.
General
inflation also takes its toll on consumers, for many kinds of commodity-objects
all-at-once, by raising unit-prices of commodity-kinds across-the-board,
even despite falling socially-necessary abstract-labor-time ‘containings’.
For more
information regarding these
Seldonian insights, and to read and/or download, free
of charge, PDFs and/or JPGs of Foundation books, other texts, and images, please see:
and
https://independent.academia.edu/KarlSeldon
For partially pictographical, ‘poster-ized’ visualizations of many of these Seldonian insights -- specimens of ‘dialectical art’ – as well as dialectically-illustrated books
published by
the F.E.D. Press, see –
https://www.etsy.com/shop/DialecticsMATH
¡ENJOY!
Regards,
Miguel
Detonacciones,
Voting Member, Foundation Encyclopedia Dialectica [F.E.D.];
Elected Member, F.E.D. General Council;
Participant, F.E.D. Special Council for Public Liaison;
Officer, F.E.D. Office of Public Liaison.
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